Open Spinal Surgery

Overview:

Open spinal surgery is a traditional method used to treat severe spinal conditions like herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or fractures. It involves making a large incision to directly access and repair the spine, allowing for procedures such as laminectomy, discectomy, or spinal fusion. While highly effective for complex issues, this surgery requires a longer recovery period, often several months, and carries risks such as infection, nerve damage, and prolonged pain. Despite these challenges, open spinal surgery is commonly recommended when less invasive options are not viable

Indications for open spinal surgery include:

1. Severe spinal fractures
2. Herniated discs not responding to conservative treatment
3. Spinal tumors
4. Spinal stenosis causing nerve compression
5. Degenerative disc disease with instability
6. Scoliosis or severe spinal deformities

Pre procedure:

1. Medical Evaluation: Physical exams, imaging tests (MRI, CT), and lab work.
2. Medication Review: Adjust or stop certain medications like blood thinners.
3. Fasting: No eating or drinking for 8–12 hours before surgery.
4. Pre-Surgical Instructions: Instructions on cleaning the surgical area and arranging post-op care.
5. Consent: Discuss risks and benefits, and sign consent forms.

Procedure:

During open spinal surgery, the patient is placed under general anesthesia, and a large incision is made over the affected spine area. Muscles and tissues are moved aside to expose the spine, allowing the surgeon to address the specific issue, such as removing a herniated disc or performing a spinal fusion. After the necessary repairs are made, the incision is closed with sutures or staples, and the patient is moved to recovery for monitoring. This procedure enables direct access for complex surgical interventions on the spine.

Post procedure:

After open spinal surgery, patients are monitored for vital signs and potential complications while receiving pain management. Physical therapy usually begins shortly after to promote movement. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to check the surgical site and assess recovery. Patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities during the healing process, ensuring a safe and effective recovery.