Tarlov CYST

Overview

Tarlov cysts, also known as perineural cysts, are fluid-filled sacs that form at the base of the spine, typically in the sacral region (the lower back). These cysts develop around nerve roots in the sacrum, the area just above the tailbone. Tarlov cysts are often asymptomatic, meaning many people may have them without ever knowing. However, when they cause symptoms, they can result in significant discomfort and neurological issues.

Symptoms

The majority of Tarlov cysts do not cause symptoms. However, if a cyst grows large enough to compress nearby nerves, it can lead to various symptoms, including:

• Lower back pain: Persistent or worsening pain in the sacral region, sometimes radiating to the hips or legs.
• Sciatica: Pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, down the legs, often accompanied by numbness or tingling.
• Bladder or bowel dysfunction: Difficulty controlling bladder or bowel movements due to nerve compression.
• Sexual dysfunction: Reduced sensation or dysfunction may occur in some cases.
• Leg weakness or numbness: Loss of strength or sensation in the legs or feet.

Symptoms can vary widely depending on the size of the cyst and the specific nerves affected. In many cases, the symptoms may come and go or fluctuate in intensity.

Causes of Tarlov Cysts

The exact cause of Tarlov cysts is not fully understood. However, some potential contributing factors include:

• Congenital predisposition: Some individuals may be born with a tendency to develop these cysts.
• Trauma or injury: Injuries to the lower spine or sacrum may lead to the formation or growth of Tarlov cysts.
• Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure: Changes in spinal fluid pressure could contribute to the development or enlargement of the cysts.
• Nerve root inflammation: Irritation or inflammation of the nerve roots may trigger cyst formation.

In many cases, Tarlov cysts are found incidentally during imaging for other conditions, and it’s unclear why they develop in some individuals but not others.

When to See a Consultant

You should consider seeing a consultant if you experience any of the following:

• Persistent lower back pain that does not improve with rest or standard treatments.
• Radiating leg pain (sciatica), numbness, or tingling.
• Bladder or bowel dysfunction, such as incontinence or difficulty urinating.
• Weakness in the legs or feet, making walking difficult.
• Any unexplained sexual dysfunction or loss of sensation in the pelvic area.

Early evaluation by a healthcare professional is essential to prevent worsening symptoms and to determine whether the cyst is the cause of your discomfort.