Scoliosis

Overview

Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine curves sideways, often in an "S" or "C" shape. It can affect people of all ages, but it most often develops in children and adolescents during a period of rapid growth. Mild scoliosis may not cause issues, but severe cases can lead to discomfort, limited movement, and, if untreated, lung and heart problems from spinal pressure on internal organs. Dr. Irfan Malik offers personal assistance in relieving this condition.

Symptoms of Scoliosis

• Visible curvature: A noticeable curve or uneven shoulder or hip alignment.
• Uneven shoulders or waist: One shoulder or hip may appear higher than the other.
• Prominent ribs or shoulder blade: One side of the ribcage may protrude.
• Tilted posture: The body may lean to one side.
• Back pain: Although rare in mild cases, pain can occur, particularly in adults with scoliosis.

When to See a Consultant

If you or your child notice visible signs of scoliosis, such as uneven shoulders or hips, it is worth seeing a doctor. Parents may notice that their children’s clothes do not fit evenly or that their posture is asymmetrical. Routine school check-ups or annual check-ups can often detect scoliosis early.

If scoliosis is confirmed, a consultation with a spine specialist or orthopedic surgeon will help determine the best course of action. It is also recommended that adults with scoliosis who experience pain, tingling, or weakness see a consultant to prevent the symptoms from getting worse.

Causes of Scoliosis

The exact cause of most scoliosis is unknown, it is called "idiopathic scoliosis". However, many factors and conditions can contribute to the curvature of the spine:

• Genetics: Family history may play a role; Idiopathic scoliosis often runs in families.
• Neuromuscular conditions: Conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy can lead to scoliosis.
• Congenital problems: Some people are born with scoliosis due to deformed vertebrae.
• Degenerative diseases: Adults can develop scoliosis as a result of back wear or osteoporosis.
• Injury or infection: Injury or infection affecting the spine can also lead to scoliosis.

Diagnosing Scoliosis

Diagnosis begins with a physical exam. Your healthcare provider may ask you to lean forward to check for any visible curves or irregularities. Imaging tests are often required to make a more accurate diagnosis:

• X-rays: These provide a clear picture of the spine’s curve and help determine the angle of the curve (measured in degrees).
• MRI or CT scans: These are used when more detail is needed, especially when nerve problems or other causes are suspected.

Your doctor will assess the degree and pattern of your curve to recommend the appropriate treatment approach. Scoliosis is typically classified as mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the degree of the curve.

Treatment Options

Treatment varies depending on the severity of the curve, the age of the patient, and whether the curve is getting worse. Here is an overview of common approaches:

• Monitoring: For children and adolescents with mild scoliosis, the doctor may recommend regular check-ups to monitor changes during growth. Follow-up typically includes checks every 4-6 months. A month during growing periods.
• Orthotics: Orthotics are often prescribed for growing children with moderate scoliosis. The brace will not permanently straighten the spine, but it can prevent the curvature from getting worse. The type of orthosis and the duration of daily wear depend on the child's specific curvature and height.
• Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy can help manage symptoms, improve posture, and strengthen back muscles. It is often used in adults with scoliosis to relieve pain and improve flexibility.
• Surgery: In severe cases, when the curve causes pain, impairs, or affects lung function, surgery may be necessary. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, where two or more vertebrae are joined together to straighten and stabilize the spine.
• Pain management: Adults with scoliosis-related back pain may benefit from nonsurgical treatment, including pain relievers, nerve blockers, or injections.