Kyphosis

Overview

Kyphosis is a back condition that causes the upper back to curve too far outwards, resulting in a rounded or crooked posture. Although a slight curvature of the spine is normal, kyphosis causes a more pronounced curvature that can lead to back pain, stiffness, and other physical problems. In some cases, kyphosis is mild and may go unnoticed, but in others, it can affect daily life and require treatment. Dr. Irfan Malik of Mspin plays a key role in helping patients battle this serious condition.

Symptoms of kyphosis

Symptoms of kyphosis can vary depending on the severity of the curve and the cause. Common symptoms include:

• Rounded upper back: The most noticeable symptom is a visible sensation or rounding of the upper back, sometimes referred to as a "hunched" appearance.
• Back pain: Many people with kyphosis experience back pain, especially in the upper or middle back. This pain can range from mild discomfort to more intense and persistent pain.
• Stiffness: The spine may feel stiff, making it difficult to move comfortably and maintain good posture.
• Fatigue: Because kyphosis can change the alignment of the body, people get tired easily because they use extra muscles to support themselves.
• Difficulty breathing: In severe cases, the curvature of the spine can put pressure on the lungs, making it difficult to take a deep breath.

When to see a consultant

If you or your child notice symptoms of kyphosis, such as:

• Rounded or humped back.
• Pain that does not improve with rest or basic pain relief measures.
• Increased stiffness or difficulty moving comfortably.
• Any changes in breathing, balance, or mobility.

If you are concerned about postural changes in your child or teenager, it is best to see a doctor early, as some types of kyphosis can develop over time and become more difficult to treat.

Causes of kyphosis

Kyphosis can have several different causes, including structural, developmental, or age-related factors:

• Postural kyphosis: The most common type, postural kyphosis, usually develops in teenagers due to poor posture. It is often mild and can be remedied with posture exercises.
• Scheuermann's disease: This is a condition that causes the vertebrae to become wedge-shaped instead of rectangular, resulting in a more pronounced curve. Scheuermann's kyphosis often occurs in teenagers.
• Osteoporosis: In older people, osteoporosis (weakening of the bones) can lead to fractures of the spine, causing the vertebrae to collapse and create a spinal curve.
• Congenital kyphosis: Some children are born with a defect in the spine that causes kyphosis. This is less common but can be serious and may require surgery.
• Degenerative conditions: Spinal cord conditions such as degenerative disc disease or arthritis can lead to kyphosis when the spine loses stability and alignment.

Kyphosis diagnosis

To diagnose kyphosis, a healthcare professional will likely start with a physical exam, looking for a curve in the upper back and checking for any accompanying pain or stiffness. They may also ask about your symptoms, health history, and family history of back problems. Common diagnostic tests include:

• X-ray: X-rays are used to measure the curvature of the spine and determine the degree of kyphosis. It also helps identify structural problems or cracks that may be contributing to this.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): If your doctor suspects nerve involvement, he or she may recommend an MRI to get a detailed picture of the soft tissue, including the spinal cord and nerves.
• Bone Density Test: For older adults, especially those at risk for osteoporosis, a bone density test can be used to detect weak bones that may contribute to kyphosis.

Treatment Options for Kyphosis

Treatment for kyphosis depends on the type, severity, and symptoms of the disease. In mild cases, only observation is required, while in more severe cases a combination of treatments is required:

• Physical therapy: Exercises that strengthen the back muscles and improve posture can help treat kyphosis, especially postural kyphosis. A physical therapist can create a personalized exercise program to improve flexibility and alignment.
• Brace: For children and adolescents with progressive kyphosis, such as Scheuermann's disease, the use of a brace can slow the progression of the curve as the spine grows.
• Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help relieve the discomfort of kyphosis.
• Surgery: If the kyphosis is severe and causes pain, breathing difficulties, or other health problems, surgery is an option. The most common surgery for kyphosis is spinal fusion, which stabilizes the spine and reduces curvature.
• Lifestyle changes: In cases related to osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle containing adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D combined with exercise can help strengthen bones and reduce further deterioration of the spine.