Degenerative Disc Disease

Overview

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) affects the discs of the spine, which act as cushions between the bones of the spine. Over time, these discs can wear naturally and lose their elasticity, resilience, and ability to absorb shock. Although this gradual wear and tear process is normal as we age, some people experience pain and discomfort as a result, which manifests as degenerative disc disease. Fighting against this worse condition, Dr. Irfan Malik at Mspin offers vital support.

Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease

Symptoms of DDD can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, depending on the severity and location of the affected discs. Common symptoms include:

• Back or neck pain: Pain usually centers around the spine, in the lower back (lumbar spine) or the neck (cervical spine). This pain may be worse after standing or standing for long periods.
• Nerve pain and tingling: Sometimes a worn disc presses on nearby nerves, causing tingling, numbness, or even weakness in the arms, hands, or legs. For example, if the lumbar spine is affected, the pain may radiate to the legs (sciatica).
• Pain that gets worse with movement: Activities that require bending, twisting, or lifting may worsen symptoms. Even simple activities such as sneezing or coughing can sometimes make the pain worse.
• Limited range of motion: The affected area may become stiff, making it difficult to move freely without discomfort.

These symptoms may come and go, and some people may experience episodes of pain that last from a few days to a few weeks and then go away. Others may find the pain more persistent, affecting their quality of life.

When to see a consultant

Not everyone with DDD requires medical intervention, but if the pain starts to interfere with everyday life, a visit to a specialist is necessary. Get medical help if:

• Pain persists or gets worse over time.
• You feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your limbs.
• Daily activities become increasingly difficult due to discomfort.
• Painkillers and home remedies no longer provide relief.

A healthcare professional, such as an orthopedic specialist or spine consultant, can help diagnose and recommend treatment options specific to your condition.

Causes of degenerative disc disease

DDD is primarily an age-related disease. As we age, the discs in the spine lose lubrication and elasticity, reducing their ability to shock. Other factors that can accelerate disc degeneration include:

• Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to develop DDD earlier or more severely.
• Trauma: A fall, accident, or other injury to the spine can increase the risk of spinal injuries and degeneration.
• Lifestyle factors: Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle can put additional stress on the spine and potentially accelerate its degeneration.

Diagnosis of degenerative disc disease

The specialist usually begins with a physical examination and review of symptoms to diagnose DDD. They may tap on different areas of your spine, check your range of motion, and ask about activities that cause pain. If more detailed information is needed, the following diagnostic tests can be used:

• X-ray: This imaging test can show a narrowing between the vertebrae, which is a sign of disc degeneration.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI provides a detailed picture of the intervertebral discs, allowing doctors to check for pinched nerves and assess the overall health of the intervertebral discs.
• CT scans or discography: In some cases, additional imaging may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment options for degenerative disc disease

Although DDD cannot be completely reversed, several treatments are available to treat symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Physical therapy: Exercises that strengthen the muscles around the spine can reduce the load on the discs and relieve pain.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen are often used to relieve mild to moderate pain. In case of severe pain, prescription medication may be recommended.
• Injections: Steroid injections can help reduce inflammation around the affected area, giving some patients temporary relief.
• Lifestyle Changes: Keeping active, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco can help slow disc degeneration and reduce symptoms.
• Surgery: In cases where conservative treatment is ineffective, surgery can be considered. Common DDD surgeries include spinal fusion (fusion of two vertebrae) or replacement of an artificial disc to restore stability to the spine.