Spinal Deformity

Overview

Spinal deformity refers to an abnormal curvature or alignment of the spine that can lead to several physical problems. Common spinal deformities include scoliosis (curvature to the side), kyphosis (excessive forward bending), and lordosis (excessive inward curvature). These conditions can occur in children or adults and may be caused by genetic factors, developmental problems, or degenerative diseases. Some deformities are mild and asymptomatic, while others can cause pain, affect posture, and limit mobility. Dr. Irfan Malik at Mspine helps patients suffering from this condition.

Symptoms of Spinal Deformity

Symptoms associated with spinal deformity vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Visible curvature: An abnormal curvature of the spine is noticeable when looking back.
• Back pain: Discomfort or pain in the back or neck that is aggravated by certain activities or positions.
• Postural changes: Misalignment of the shoulders or hips, resulting in noticeable changes in posture.
• Fatigue: Excessive fatigue, especially after prolonged periods of standing or sitting.
• Immobility: difficulty bending, twisting, or reaching due to stiffness or imbalance.

When to See a Consultant

If you or your child have symptoms of spinal deformity, it is important to see a doctor, especially if:

• There is a noticeable curvature or imbalance in the spine.
• You experience chronic back or neck pain.
• Symptoms worsen over time or interfere with daily activities.
• There is a change in posture or movement.
• You are concerned about your child's growth and development.

You have concerns about your child’s growth and development. A timely evaluation can help determine the best course of action.

Causes of Spinal Deformity

Many factors can contribute to spinal deformity, including:

• Congenital factors: Some individuals are born with deformities due to abnormal development of the spine during pregnancy.
• Neuromuscular disorders: Disorders such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy can lead to an imbalance of muscle strength, which can lead to curvature of the spine.
• Degenerative diseases: Conditions such as arthritis or osteoporosis can weaken the structure of the spinal cord, which can cause deformities over time.
• Injury or trauma: Fractures or severe injuries can change the alignment of the spine.
• Postural habits: Poor posture during growth spurts, especially in young people, can contribute to deformities such as scoliosis.

Diagnosing Spinal Deformity

The diagnosis of spinal pathology typically begins with a detailed history and physical examination. Your doctor will assess your condition, flexibility, and pain or discomfort. Diagnostic tests may include:

• X-rays: Imaging tests to check curvature and fusion of the spine.
• MRI or CT scans: Provide a detailed picture of the structure of the spine, helping to identify underlying problems.
• Scoliometer: An instrument used to measure the curvature of the spine, usually used in physical examinations.

Treatment Options for Spinal Cord Deformity

Treatment of spinal deformity depends on the type, severity, and symptoms. Common treatment options include:

• Note: In mild cases, especially in growing children, regular examination may be sufficient to assess changes over time.
• Physical therapy: A personalized exercise program can help strengthen your back muscles, improve flexibility, and improve posture.
• Brace: For conditions such as scoliosis, a brace may be used to prevent curving as you age. The scooter is especially useful for young patients who are still growing.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen can help relieve the discomfort of a spinal cord injury.
• Surgery: In severe cases where the deformity is causing severe pain, breathing problems, or functional impairment, surgery may be necessary. Common surgical procedures include spinal fusion and spinal adjustments to align the spine.